Civil Service Mains Optional ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


PAPER - I

1. Circuit Theory:
Circuit components; network graphs; KCL,
KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal
analysis, mesh analysis; basic network
theorems and applications; transient
analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits;
sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant
circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase
circuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems:
Representation of continuous–time and
discrete-time signals & systems; LTI
systems; convolution; impulse response;
time-domain analysis of LTI systems based
on convolution and differential/difference
equations. Fourier transform, Laplace
transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.
Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT
Processing of analog signals through
discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory:
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in
bounded media. Boundary conditions,
reflection and refraction of plane waves.
Transmission line: travelling and standing
waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics:
Characteristics and equivalent circuits
(large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET
and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping,
clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias
stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror;
Amplifiers: single and multi-stage,
differential, operational, feedback and
power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits.
Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for
oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP
configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits. Linear and
switching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics:
Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean
functions; logic gates; digital IC families
(DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combina-tional circuits: arithmetic circuits, code
converters, multiplexers and decoders.
Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops,
counters and shift-registers. Comparators,
timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold
circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor
memories. Logic implementation using
programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion:
Principles of electromechanical energy
conversion: Torque and emf in rotating
machines. DC machines: characteristics
and performance analysis; starting and
speed control of motors; Transformers:
principles of operation and analysis;
regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transfor-mers. 3-phase induction machines and
synchronous machines: characteristics and
preformance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives:
Semiconductor power devices: diode,
transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and
MOSFET–static characteristics and
principles of operation; triggering circuits;
phase control rectifiers; bridge converters:
fully-controlled and half-controlled;
principles of thyristor choppers and
inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode
inverter; basic concepts of speed control
of DC and AC Motor drives applications of
variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication:
Random variables: continuous, discrete;
probability, probability functions. Statistical
averages; probability models; Random
signals and noise: white noise, noise
equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission
with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW
modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB,
DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and
Demodulators; Phase and Frequency
modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband
FM; generation & detection of FM and PM,
Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW
modulation system: Superhetrodyne
receivers, AM receivers, communication
receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop,
SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio
calculation for AM and FM receivers.


PAPER - II

1. Control Systems:
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop &
closed-loop systems; principles and
applications of feed-back. Control system
components. LTI systems: time-domain
and transform-domain analysis. Stability:
Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion;
Design of lead-lad compensators.
Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of
control systems.

2. Microprocessors and Microcom-puters:
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set,
register set, timing diagram, programming,
interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O
interfacing, programmable peripheral
devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation:
Error analysis; measurement of current,
voltage, power, energy, power-factor,
resistance, inductance, capacitance and
frequency; bridge measurement. Signal
conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring
instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital
voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter,
spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter.
Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor,
LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control:
Steady-state performance of overhead
transmission lines and cables; principles
of active and reactive power transfer and
distribution; per-unit quantities; bus
admittance and impedance matrices; load
flow; voltage control and power factor
correction; economic operation; symme-trical components, analysis of symmetrical
and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of
system stability: swing curves and equal
area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic
concepts of HVDC transmission.

5. Power System Protection:
Principles of overcurrent, differential and
distance protection. Concept of solid state
relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided
protection: Introduction; line bus, generator,
transformer protection; numeric relays and
application of DSP to protection.

6. Digital Communication:
Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential
pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta
modulation (DM), Digital modulation and
demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase
and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK,
FSK). Error control coding: error detection
and correction, linear block codes,
convolution codes. Information measure
and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer
architecture.