Civil Service Mains Optional Sociology

SOCIOLOGY

PAPER - I

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY

1. Sociology - The Discipline:
(a) Modernity and social changes in Eu-rope and emergence of sociology.
(b) Scope of the subject and comparison
with other social sciences.
(c) Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:
(a) Science, scientific method and critique.
(b) Major theoretical strands of research
methodology.
(c) Positivism and its critique.
(d) Fact value and objectivity.
(e) Non- positivist methodologies.

3. Research Methods and Analysis:
(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.
(b) Techniques of data collection.
(c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reli-ability and validity.

4. Sociological Thinkers:
(a) Karl Marx- Historical materialism,
mode of production, alienation, class
struggle.
(b) Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, so-cial fact, suicide, religion and society.

(c) Max Weber- Social action, ideal types,
authority, bureaucracy, protestant
ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
(d) Talcolt Parsons- Social system, pat-tern variables.
(e) Robert K. Merton- Latent and mani-fest functions, conformity and devi-ance, reference groups.
(f) Mead - Self and identity.

5. Stratification and Mobility:
(a) Concepts- equality, inequality, hierar-chy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation.
(b) Theories of social stratification- Struc-tural functionalist theory, Marxist
theory, Weberian theory.
(c) Dimensions – Social stratification of
class, status groups, gender, ethnicity
and race.
(d) Social mobility- open and closed sys-tems, types of mobility, sources and
causes of mobility.

6. Works and Economic Life:
(a) Social organization of work in different
types of society- slave society, feudal
society, industrial /capitalist society.
(b) Formal and informal organization of
work.
(c) Labour and society.

7. Politics and Society:
(a) Sociological theories of power.
(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure
groups, and political parties.
(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy,
civil society, ideology.
(d) Protest, agitation, social movements,
collective action, revolution.

8. Religion and Society:
(a) Sociological theories of religion.
(b) Types of religious practices: animism,
monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
(c) Religion in modern society: religion
and science, secularization, religious
revivalism, fundamentalism.

9. Systems of Kinship:
(a) Family, household, marriage.
(b) Types and forms of family.
(c) Lineage and descent.
(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of
labour.
(e) Contemporary trends.

10. Social Change in Modern Society:
(a) Sociological theories of social change.
(b) Development and dependency.
(c) Agents of social change.
(d) Education and social change.
(e) Science, technology and social
change.




PAPER - II

INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE
AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian Society:
(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian
society:
(a) Indology (GS. Ghurye).
(b) Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).
(c) Marxist sociology (A R Desai).
(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian so-ciety :
(a) Social background of Indian national-ism.
(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.
(c) Protests and movements during the
colonial period.
(d) Social reforms.

B. Social Structure:

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:
(a) The idea of Indian village and village
studies.
(b) Agrarian social structure - evolution of
land tenure system, land reforms.

(ii) Caste System:
(a) Perspectives on the study of caste sys-tems: GS Ghurye, MN Srinivas, Louis
Dumont, Andre Beteille.
(b) Features of caste system.
(c) Untouchability - forms and perspec-tives.

(iii) Tribal communities in India:

(a) Definitional problems.
(b) Geographical spread.
(c) Colonial policies and tribes.
(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.

(iv) Social Classes in India:
(a) Agrarian class structure.
(b) Industrial class structure.
(c) Middle classes in India.

(v) Systems of Kinship in India:
(a) Lineage and descent in India.
(b) Types of kinship systems.
(c) Family and marriage in India.
(d) Household dimensions of the family.
(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual
division of labour.

(vi) Religion and Society:
(a) Religious communities in India.
(b) Problems of religious minorities.
C. Social Changes in India:

(i) Visions of Social Change in India:
(a) Idea of development planning and
mixed economy.
(b) Constitution, law and social change.
(c) Education and social change.

(ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation
in India:
(a) Programmes of rural development,
Community Development Progra-mme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation
schemes.
(b) Green revolution and social change.
(c) Changing modes of production in In-dian agriculture .
(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage,
migration.

(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in
India:
(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.
(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.
(c) Working class: structure, growth, class
mobilization.
(d) Informal sector, child labour.
(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.
(iv) Politics and Society:
(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.
(b) Political parties, pressure groups , so-cial and political elite.
(c) Regionalism and decentralization of
power.
(d) Secularization
(v) Social Movements in Modern India:
(a) Peasants and farmers movements.
(b) Women’s movement.
(c) Backward classes & Dalit movement.
(d) Environmental movements.
(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.
(vi) Population Dynamics:
(a) Population size, growth, composition
and distribution.
(b) Components of population growth:
birth, death, migration.
(c) Population policy and family planning.
(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios,
child and infant mortality, reproductive
health.

(vii) Challenges of Social Transforma-tion:
(a) Crisis of development: displacement,
environmental problems and sustain-ability.
(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
(c) Violence against women.
(d) Caste conflicts.
(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, reli-gious revivalism.
(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education